Tsela e molemohali ea ho hlahloba boemo ba bophelo ba motho, ho tseba maloetse a fapa-fapaneng lilemong tsa pele, ke teko ea mali ea laboratori. Mokelikeli ona oa likokoana-hloko o bontša ka ho feletseng tsela eo 'mele o sebetsang ka eona le ho ba le mekhoa ea mafu. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba ho bala tlhahlobo ea mali ea meriana - tlaleho e lokela ho lumellana le lilemo le thobalano, ho basali, bakeng sa matšoao a mang, letsatsi la ho ea khoeling le boletsoeng.
Ho khetholla mekhoa le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea kliniki e tloaelehileng ea mali
Ntlha ea pele, nahana ka phetolelo e seng e atolositsoeng ea thuto e hlalositsoeng ea laboratory, e akarelletsang lintlha tsa motheo:
- Hemoglobin, HB. Ke pigment e khubelu ea erythrocyte, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa oksijene 'me e sebelisitsoe carbon dioxide.
- Li-Erythrocyte, RBC - li etselitsoe ho tšehetsa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea li-oxidation ea likokoana-hloko 'meleng.
- CPU (letšoao la mebala), MCHC. E bonahatsa lintho tse khubelu tsa pigment li-erythrocyte.
- Reticulocytes, RTC. Lisele tse hlahisoang marong. Li-erythrocyte tse ntseng li butsoitse.
- Platelet, PLT - li hlokahala bakeng sa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho khaola mali.
- Leukocytes, WBC. Ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho khetholla le ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic. Palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali e hlajoang le e arohaneng e bontšitsoe ka ho khetholla.
- Lymphocyte, LYM. Lisele tse ka sehloohong tsa tšoaetso ea mafu a mangata, tse thibelang ho hlōloa ha likokoana-hloko.
- Eosinophils, EOS. E hlophisitsoe ho loantša maikutlo a ho kula , likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko.
- Li-basophile, BAS. E ikarabella bakeng sa liketso tsohle tsa hypersensitivity le ho lokolloa ha histamine.
- Li-monocyte (macrophages ea maiketsetso), MON - li senya mesaletsa ea lisele tse mabifi, ho senya ho ruruha, lisele tse shoeleng.
- Hematocrit, HTC. E bonahatsa karolelano ea palo ea erythrocyte ho ea ka kakaretso ea palo ea mali.
Hape, ha ho hlahlojoa tlhahlobo ea mali ea meriana ea mali, ESR (ESR) kapa tekanyo ea serythrocyte sedimentation e baloa. Boemo bona ke pontšo e se nang tlhompho ea mekhoa ea ho ruruha le maloetse a mang a 'mele. Ho phaella moo, liphetoho boemong ba ESR e ka ba tsela ea pele ea ho tseba hore na ho na le bokhachane bofe.
Nakong ea ho hlahlojoa ha teko ea mali ea meriana, liphello bakeng sa pontšo ka 'ngoe li bohlokoa ha li bapisoa le mekhoa e amohelehang ka kakaretso:
- HB - ho tloha ho 120 ho isa ho 140 g / l (basali), le 130-160 g / l (banna);
- RBC - 3,7-4,7 ka likhato tse 12 ka hora ea 1 ea mali (basali), 4,5-5,1 (banna);
- MCHC - ho tloha ka 0.85 ho ea ho 1.15%;
- RTC - 0,2-1.2 ka likhato tse 12 ka hora ea 1 ea mali;
- PLT - 180-320 ka likhato tse 9 ka hora ea 1 ea mali;
- WBC - ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho 9%. Ka nako e tsoanang, ho hlajoa ke li-6%, likarolo tse 47-72%;
- LYM - 18-40%;
- EOS - ho fihlela ho 5%;
- BAS - ha ho feta 1%;
- MON - 2-9%;
- HTC - 39-49%;
- ESR - ho tloha ho 2 ho ea ho tse 15 mm / h (setsi sa basali), 1-10 mm / h (sethala sa banna).
Ho etsa qeto ea ho hlahlojoa ha mali ho hlahlojoa mali
Nakong ea patlisiso e atolositsoeng, ho hlahlojoa lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tsa erythrocyte, platelet le leukocyte. Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke:
- MCV ke molumo o tloaelehileng oa erythrocyte ka mong (e tloaelehileng: 80-95 fl.);
- MPV - karolelano ea boleng ba palo ea platelet (e tloaelehileng: 7-10 fl).
Lintlha tse latelang li balloa hape:
- HGB / RBC - ka karolelano ho na le li-pigment tse khubelu ka erythrocyte;
- HGB / HCT ke karolelano ea lipalo (karolo ea lekholong) ea hemoglobin ka erythrocyte;
- RDW ke bophara ba ho aroloa ha lisele tsohle tse khubelu tsa mali.
Ho na le likarolo tse ling tse tobileng tse ka kenyelletsoang tlhahlobo ea mali, ho na le tse ka bang 25 ho tsona, empa ngaka e lokela ho tiisa hore na ho na le boikemisetso bofe le boikemisetso ba bona.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore esita le ka tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea boipheliso ea litholoana, motho ha aa lokela ho leka ho etsa hore a hlahlojoe ntle le ho buisana le ngaka.