Pathology, eo ka mor'a moo "molomo" e tsitsitseng, hangata e fumaneha ho bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa. Ka leholimo le arohaneng, ngoana e mong le e mong ea likete o hlaha kajeno. Molomo oa pululo hase boloetse, empa ke lefu la innate, leo ho lona ho etsoang lekhalo ka letheba le bonolo le le thata la lesea ka pōpelong ea 'mè. Ho feta moo, lefu lena le ka 'na la e-ba le lefu le tsamaeang le Stickler, Van der Wood kapa Loyce-Dits.
Molomo oa leruo o shebahala joaloka lehlaka le leholo le thehiloeng lipakeng tse peli. Ha ho na moeli pakeng tsa likoti tsa lipalesa le tsa molomo, kahoo ngoana o na le ho se phethehe ho phefumoloha, ho metsa le ho anyesa. Sephetho se iponahatsa ka se seng sa mefuta e mene:
- ho arohana ha mahalapa a bonolo;
- ho hlaphoheloa ha lekhalo le bonolo le le nang le khethollo ea mahalapa a thata;
- ho arohana ka lehlakoreng le le leng la mahalapa a thata le a bonolo;
- ho arohana ka bobeli.
Phoso ena ea maxillofacial ke e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa, empa e ka e felisa.
Lisosa tsa malformation
Lebaka le ka sehloohong la phoso ena ea maxillofacial ke phetoho ea lefutso. Maqhubu a masapo a lesea a thehoa likhoeling tse peli tsa pele tsa bokhachane. Haeba molemong oa tsoelo-pele ea bokhachane mokhoa ona o susumelitsoe ke lintlha tse 'maloa, joale ho ts'oana ha masapo a mahlahahlaha a ka holimo ho na le bone e nyenyane botlaaseng ba lehata (pono) ha e hlahe. Ka lebaka lena, mesifa ha e tsamaee hantle, e lebisang ho thehoa ha lekhalo leholimong le bonolo. Tabeng ena, ho kopanela liphate ha ngoana ha ho tsotellehe, mme nts'etso-pele ea bokhoni ba kelello le ea 'mele ea molomo ha e amehe.
Lisosa tsa ho thehoa ha molomo oa liphoofolo li ka boela tsa ba ntle. Kahoo, kotsi ea ho kula hona ha lesea le e-s'o tsoaloe e eketseha haeba mosali ea moimana a e-na le joala kapa nakong ea pele ea boraro a sebelisa joala kapa lithethefatsi, a tsuba , a tšoeroe ke toxicosis e matla kapa boima bo feteletseng (botenya ba likhato tse 2-3). Mathata a tikoloho, lilemo (lilemo tse 35 le ho feta), le bohlokwa, le mathata a maikutlo nakong ea bokhachane, le tsona li na le phello e mpe.
Kalafo le ho fokola
Ho bona bonnete ba ho ba teng ha lesea la molomo ho ka ba le li-ultrasound pele ho beke ea bo14 ea bokhachane, empa mofuta oa ho hlakola le ho hlahloba hantle o tla thehoa feela ka mor'a tsoalo. Mokhoa oa ho beleha o atisa ho rarahana, ka lebaka la ho arohana ha ngoana o otlang amniotic fluid, eo ka linako tse ling e lebisang tlhokomelong ea pneumonia. Ho phaella moo, bana ba nang le bothata ba ho fokola ka thata ho thata ho phefumoloha ba le bang, 'me ho noa le ho o metsa ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe likhetho tse khethehileng tse koalang feshene. Ka lebaka lena, ba nona boima ho feta lithaka tsa bona, 'me maloetse a phefumolohang a atisa ho feta. Empa holim'a tsohle, boleng ba puo boa kula. Esita le ho buuoa le molomo ha ho tiise hore puo e tla ba e nepahetseng. Empa opereishene, eseng e le 'ngoe, ke e tlamehang!
Kalafo ea molomo e qala ho ba le likhoeli tse robeli. Ntlha ea pele, lingaka tse buoang tsa polasetiki li lokisa litšitiso mahetleng a bonolo.
Bakeng sa liphello tse nepahetseng, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore ho buuoe lipatlisiso tsa polasetiki tse peli ho isa ho tse supileng Ho phaella ho lingaka tsa meriana, litho tsa orthodontists, ENTs, lingaka tsa meno, litsebi tsa kelello tsa bana le litsebi tsa lipuo li lokela ho thusa mokuli e monyenyane. Haeba thuso ea bongaka le ea kelello e kopanngoa le mesebetsi ea lapeng, joale ka lilemo tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng, ngoana a ke ke a fapana le lithaka tsa hae, a ka phela ka botlalo, a bapala lipapali le ho ithuta sekolong se tloaelehileng.