Hoo e ka bang litho tsohle tsa litho tsa motho li na le sehlopha sa li-enzyme - alkaline phosphatase. Matšoao a tsona a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a le placenta, mesifa ea lesapo, sebete le bile. Mosebetsi o eketsehileng oa phosphatase o ka bontša hore ho na le maloetse a mang a hlokang hore ho phekoloe hang-hang.
Alkaline phosphatase ke eng?
Ha re nahana ka enzyme ena ka ho qaqileng, ho hlokahala hore re bolelle ka karolo ea alkaline phosphatase metabolism ea mafura, e hlokang mokelikeli oa alkaline, kahoo lebitso la enzyme. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea enzyme, ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa eona:
- hepatic phosphatase (tlhokomelo e phahameng ho batho ba baholo);
- lesapo (le phahameng ho bana);
- sephahla (boemo bo phahameng ba basali ba bakhachane);
- alkaline intestinal phosphatase;
- renal (ena alkaline phosphatase maling ha e hlokomeloe, hobane ha e kenelle ho fapana le mefuta e meng).
Tlhahlobo ea alkaline phosphatase
Maemong a 'maloa le ponahalo ea matšoao a mang, ho na le tekanyetso e hlahisoang ke alkaline phosphatase moo e ka eketsehang kapa ea fokotseha, e leng se tla lebisa liqetong tse nepahetseng. Etsa tlhahlobo ena:
- Ka boitšoaro bo rarahaneng ba litekanyetso tsa sebete .
- Ho laola maloetse a masapo nakong ea phekolo ea bona.
- Haeba mokuli a noa meriana e khothalletsang ponahalo ea cholestasis (ho phalla ha bile, tlōlo ea tlhahiso ea eona le excretion).
- Haeba ho na le ponahalo ea matšoao a joalo: ho nyefoloa ke pelo, ho senyeha ha motsoako o motlakase, motsoako o lefifi, ho hlatsa, lefufuru, ho lahleheloa ke matla le ho senyeha ka potlako.
Seo alkaline phosphatase e bonts'ang ka tlhahlobo ea mali?
Potso ea hore na alkaline phosphatase e bontša eng e thahasella ba sa tsebeng khopolo ena kapa ba etsang tlhahlobo ka lekhetlo la pele. Boemo ba enzyme bo fanoa hangata bakeng sa ho fumanoa ha mafu a masapo, pampiri ea bliary le sebete. Ho eketseha ha alkaline phosphatase ho ka boela ha bua ka ho ba teng ha mafu a kotsi haholo: oncology ea testis, lymphogranulomatosis kapa libopeho tse nyonyehang bokong. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le linyeoe tse 'maloa tseo ho hlahlojoang le liqeto tse thehiloeng ho liphetho tse fumanoang ho lokelang ho etsoa ho nahanela likarolo tse ling.
- Ka ho haelloa ke zinki nakong ea ho ja, mocheso oa enzyme o ka 'na oa eketseha, hobane ntlha ena ke karolo ea phosphatase.
- Ho etsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa bana ho lemoha mathata ka excretion ea bile ha ho na thuso, ka hona, ka molao, tekanyetso ea 5'-nucleotidase e behiloe.
- Bakeng sa taolo, tlhahlobo ea phosphatase ha ea lokela ho etsoa hangata ka beke, ka lebaka la ho tlosoa ho tsoa mali maling a 3-4.
- Lebaka la ho eketseha ha batho ba hōlileng ke ho fokotseha ha masapo.
- Ho etsa lipatlisiso ho beng ba lihlopha tsa pele le tsa boraro tsa mali, hoa hlokahala hore u nahane hore boemo ba mala a matšoafo phosphatase bo ka eketseha ka mor'a ho nka lijo tse mafura, ka lebaka leo, tlhahlobo ea mali e lokela ho etsoa ka ntle ho mpa.
Alkaline phosphatase - e tloaelehileng
Ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore alkaline phosphatase e nang le mali, e tloaelehileng ho basali, banna le bana - e fapane. Lintho tsa enzyme ha li itšetlehe feela ka thobalano, empa hape li itšetlehile ka lilemo, tse lokelang ho nkoa ka hloko. Ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 16, boemo ba alkaline phosphatase maqhubu a lula a le holimo, 'me ka mor'a lilemo sena se qala ho theoha. Basali ba na le mokhoa o latelang:
- ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 17 - bonyane: diyuniti tse 46 ka litha e le nngwe; boholo: 119 U / l;
- ho tloha lilemong tse 17 ho isa ho tse 45 - bonyane ba: diyuniti tse 32 / l; boholo: diyuniti tse 100 ka litha e le nngwe;
- ho tloha lilemong tse 45 ho isa ho tse 55 - bonyane: diyuniti tse 35 / l; boholo: 115 U / l;
- ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 70 - e tloaelehileng ke li-unit tse 135 / litha e le nngwe;
- ka mor'a lilemo tse 70, tloaelo ke li-unit tse 165 / litha e le nngwe.
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a etsang hore letšoao lena le ka eketsa haholo, empa eseng ka lebaka la boteng ba mafu:
- nakong ea ho beleha ha ngoana;
- nakong ea HS;
- ho ba teng ka avitaminosis;
- ka lebaka la khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng;
- ka lebaka la boiteko bo phahameng ba 'mele.
Ho banna, kholiseho ena e phahame ka holimo ho e tšehali ka li-unit tse 20-25 / l, le ka lilemo, joaloka basali. Tloaelo ea alkaline phosphatase maling a batho:
- ho tloha lilemong tse 17 ho isa ho tse 30 - ho fihlela ho li-unit tse 100 / litha e le nngwe;
- ho tloha lilemong tse 30 ho isa ho tse 45 - ho fihlela ho li-unit tse 120 / litha e le nngwe;
- ho tloha lilemong tsa 46 ho ea ho tse 64 - ho fihlela ho li-unit tse 130 / litha e le nngwe;
- ho tloha lilemong tse 55 ho isa ho tse 70 - ho fihlela ho li-unit tse 145 ka litara e le nngwe;
- ho tloha ho lilemo tse 70 - ho fihlela ho lilithara tse 190 / litha e le nngwe.
Bana ba banyenyane, mohopolo oa enzyme o phahametse ho batho ba baholo mme ha o itšetlehe ka thobalano. Ha lilemong tsa bocha, phapang ena e bonahala ka lebaka la mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa 'mele' meleng. Kahoo, tloaelo ho bana le bacha:
- masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa le libeke tse peli tsa pele tsa bophelo: li-unit tse 83 - 248 / l;
- ho tloha libeke tse peli ho isa ho selemo: li-units tse 122 ho isa ho 469 / l;
- ho tloha lilemong tsa 10 ho ea ho tse 13: li-unit tse 129 ho isa ho tse 417.
Lilemo, lilemo | Thobalano | Bonyane | Boholo |
13 - 15 | basali banna | 50 116 | 254 468 |
15 - 17 | basali banna | 46 82 | 119 331 |
Alkaline phosphatase e eketseha - e bolela eng?
Ke'ng e ka bolelang hore haeba alkaline phosphatase e eketseha, o lokela ho tseba ho thusa setsebi ho hlahloba hantle le ho phekoloa kalafo. Mabaka a ho ba le mahlaseli a phahameng a alkaline phosphatase a tla thusa ho utloisisa feela sesosa sa ponahalo ea matšoao a sa thabiseng, empa le ho senola boteng ba mafu a nang le sebōpeho sa latent. Sena se tla chesa setsebi se tšoanelehang haholo.
Alkaline phosphatase e eketseha - lisosa
Ha ho hlalosoa mabaka a ho eketsa alkaline phosphatase, lihlopha tse tloaelehileng li lokela ho tsejoa, 'me tsa pele li amana le ho se tloaelehe sebeteng le bile:
- majoe ka li-ducts tsa bile;
- cholestasis;
- pathology ea sebete, e ka hlahang ka lebaka la chefo e chefo le ha o noa meriana;
- e kholo ea cholangitis;
- kankere ea sebete;
- lefu la sebete (autoimmune le viral);
- tšoaetso ea mononucleosis;
- jaundice (hangata ho basali ba nang le CCD le progesterone le li-estrogen content).
Liphetoho tse nang le phekolo ea mafu liphateng tsa bone, tseo alkaline phosphatase e eketsehang ho tsona:
- Lefu la Paget (ho fokotseha ha masapo, bothata ba bona le ho fokola);
- ho eketseha ha mekhoa ea metsoako nakong ea pholiso ea fractures;
- ho fokotsa masapo (manyolo a khalsiamo, divithamine le phosphoric acid e lahlehetsoe, e lebisang ho fokolang le ho nolofatsa masapo);
- Li-osteosarcoma le metastase li kene ka har'a mesifa ea masapo.
Matšoao a mang le lisosa haeba a eketseha alkaline phosphatase maling, a sa amane le mekhoa e fokolang ea bophelo bo botle le ho phekola mafu:
- pathology ea pampiri ea masapo;
- tšoaetso ea lik'hemik'hale;
- lefu la endocrine le amanang le ho holofala ha phosphoric metabolism le calcium metabolism - hyperparathyroidism;
- ho ima;
- ho tahoa joala;
- phekolo ea meriana e nang le phello ea hepatotoxic.
Alkaline phosphatase e eketseha - ke lokela ho etsa eng?
Haeba liteko li tlalehile keketseho ea alkaline phosphatase, ntho ea pele e hlokahalang ke ho felisa sesosa sa sesosa se entseng hore sena se qale. Ka mohlala, ka lefu la sebete ho tsosolosa mesebetsi ea lona, fana ka litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le ho penta lijo tse nepahetseng. Mehato eohle e nkiloeng e lokela ho behoa ke ngaka le ho etsoa tlas'a taolo ea hae.
Alkaline phosphatase e theoha - e bolela'ng?
Haeba liteko li bontša hore alkaline phosphatase e theoha, sena se ka 'na sa bontša hore lefu le kotsi le ntse le hōla' meleng. E le hore u sebetse ka hloko, liteko tse ling ha lia lekana 'me u tla hloka tlhahlobo e feletseng ea litsebi tse joalo:
- setsebi sa mahlaseli;
- Ngaka e buoang;
- setsebi ho mafu a tšoaetsanoang;
- gastroenterologist;
- setsebi sa kakaretso.
Alkaline phosphatase e fokotsehile - sesosa
Maemong a mangata, ho theohile alkaline phosphatase ho etsahala ka mabaka a latelang:
- mali a phokolo ea mali ka mokhoa o matla;
- ho haelloa ke setho sa 'mele oa magnesium le zinc;
- lefu la liphatsa tsa lefutso la achondroplasia (ho theoha ha masapo, e leng se bakang bothata bo boholo);
- ho tšeloa mali a mangata;
- ho haelloa ke livithamine tsa B le C;
- ho se phethehe ho se nang letho;
- ho nyolla ka lebaka la ho haella ha protheine ha ho jeoa - kwashiorkor;
- hypothyroidism (tlhahiso e tlase ea tlhahiso ea hormone ea thyroid);
- cretinism;
- sc alone;
- hypophosphatase (e leng tlōlo e kotsi ea mineralization ea mesifa ea masapo).
Alkaline phosphatase e theoha - ke eng e lokelang ho etsoa?
Haeba tlhahlobo e bontša hore e tlaase ea alkaline phosphatase, joale e kotsi ho fumana sesosa sa hau, ka hona o hloka ho potlakela ho ikopanya le setsebi. Ntlha ea pele, e ka ba setsebi se tla etsa qeto ea hore na setsebi se setsebi sa setsebi se lokela ho tsoela pele joang. Ka mor'a ho feta liteko tse eketsehileng, ngaka e lokela ho fumana sesosa sa mahloriso a fokotsoang a AP le ho laela phekolo kapa ho e fetisetsa ho setsebi tšimong ea lefu le fumanoeng.
Alkaline phosphatase nakong ea bokhachane
Nakong ea nako ea boimana, boemo ba alkaline phosphatase e ka ba bo phahameng ntle le ho ba teng ha maloetse ho etsang hore motho a hlahele ka tekanyo ea enzyme ea mali. Ho thoe feela ka ho thehoa ha placenta, eo ho eona ho tsejoang hantle, mohopolo o phahameng oa enzyme. Ke habohlokoa nakong ea bokhachane ho hlahloba kamehla phetoho ea alkaline phosphatase, e le hore u se ke ua hlokomoloha nako ea ha ho eketseha kapa ho eketsa mohopolo oa enzyme e bontša mathata a bophelo bo botle.
Ho phahamisa boemo, joalokaha re se re bone, ho ka 'na ha bontša mathata ka sebete le bile, li-pancreas, bone system. Haeba phoka ea alkaline e theoleloa, joale e ka 'na ea e-ba eona sesosa sa nts'ets'etsopele e mpe ea sekhahla kapa bofokoli ba eona, e ka etsang hore sehlooho se felise bokhachane. Sena se ka etsahala hobane placenta boemong bo joalo ha bo khone ho fana ka lesea ka limatlafatsi tsohle tse hlokahalang.
1 trimester | 2 trimester | 3 trimester | |
bonyane | 17th | 25 | 38 |
boholo | 88 | 126 | 229 |