Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa li lula li ntlafatsoa. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa morao-rao, ho akarelletsa le tomographs, ke lisebelisoa tsohle tsa software le thepa ea thepa. Likarolo tsohle le likarolo tsa mechine tsa tsona li entsoe ka mokhoa o phahameng ka ho fetisisa, le bakeng sa ho sebetsana le data, lik'homphieutha tse khethehileng haholo li ikarabella.
CT ke eng?
Motheo oa sesebelisoa se nahannoang ke tube e tsamaisang X-rays. E potlakela ho potoloha ka hare ho lesela le leholo (gentry), bohareng ba lona ho nang le setulo se kang bethe (moo mokuli a robalang). Tsamaiso ea tafole ena le tube e lumellane. Tlhaloso e nolofalitsoeng ea hore na scan ea CT ke mofuta ofe oa litšoantšo tsa X-ray tsa karolo e lakatsehang ea 'mele ho tloha maemong a sa tšoaneng. Ka lebaka lena, litšoantšo tse ngata tsa setho kapa likokoana-hloko li fumanoa ka likarolo tse ka bang 1 mm, tse emisitsoeng ke lisele tsa mahlaseli.
Ka mor'a hore litšoantšo li nkiloe, k'homphieutha tomography e "bokelloa" ho sebelisa software e khethehileng. Likarolo tsohle tse teng tse ngotsoeng ke li-detectors ka gantry li sebetsoa ke mokhoa oa ho sebetsa. Har'a bona, lenaneo lena le "eketsa" setšoantšo sa lintlha tse tharo tsa sebaka se batlisisitsoeng, se bonts'oa ka ho hlahloba k'homphieutha. Litšoantšong tse joalo, mehaho e nyenyane ea limela e bonahala, esita le liphetoho tse matla mesebetsing ea tsona.
Ke mofuta ofe oa CT moo?
Theknoloji ea bongaka e ntse e tsoela pele ka nako eohle, kahoo lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba li ntse li ntlafatsoa. Mefuta e latelang ea CT e fumaneha:
- ho phalla;
- li-multilayered;
- phapang;
- angiography;
- perfusion.
Moea o motsoako oa tomography
Mofuta ona oa lisebelisoa o 'nile oa sebelisoa ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lilemo tse 30. Tomograph ea khomphuta e na le likarolo tse 3 tse kholo:
- li-X-ray tube;
- letoto le leng la lisebelisoa tse senyang tse tsamaeang le selikalikoe sa lesale;
- bethe e tsamaeang ho pholletsa le gantry.
Multilayer computed tomography
Mofuta ona oa sesebelisoa o fana ka lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng le tse nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) e fapane le ho hlahloba maemo a tloaelehileng a nang le palo e eketsehileng ea batho ba e fumaneng le li-tubes. Lits'ebetsong tse hlalositsoeng, lisele li kenngoa ka mela e 2-4. Ho potoloha ha gantry, ha ho na lipitsa tse peli tsa X-ray tse ka potolohang, e leng ho potlakisang lipatlisiso le ho fokotsa mocheso oa mahlaseli.
Melemo e meng ea MSCT:
- software e ncha ka ho fetisisa;
- litšoantšo tse phahameng;
- litšoantšo tse fapaneng ka ho fetisisa;
- bokhoni ba ho ngolisa mekhoa e metle ka nako ea sebele;
- boitsebiso bo bongata ba ho khaola;
- sebaka se seholo sa ho fana ka tšebetso ea tlhaho;
- ho hahoa ha mefuta ea 3D ea mekhoa eohle le lits'ebeletso.
Computed tomography e fapaneng
Ho ntlafatsa phapang ea litho tse ling ka lehlakoreng le leng le ho etsa mekhoa e meholo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ka mohlala methapo ea mali, mefuta e khethehileng ea lithuto tsa CT li sebelisoa. Ba fana ka tlhahiso ea ho kenyelletsa lithethefatsi tse eketsang phapang ea lihlahisoa ha li ja X-rays. Tlhahlobo e joalo ea tomography e etsoa ka litsela tse peli:
- Ka molomo. Mokuli o noa tharollo ka moemeli oa phapang. Molumo oa metsi, ho latellana le makhetlo a puso ea oona ho baloa ke ngaka.
- Ka mokhoa o sa tšoaneng. Tharollo e fapaneng e tsamaisoa ke ente kapa ka mochine o itekanetseng.
CT angiography
Phuputso ea mofuta ona e thehiloe ka ho toba bakeng sa ho ithuta tsamaiso ea potoloho. CT angiography ea lijana tsa molaleng le hlooho e thusa ho lemoha tšitiso leha e le efe ea potoloho ea libaka tsena, ho kenyeletsa le lefu la sesukemia kapa la mali, ho hlahloba boima ba liphello tsa bona, ho lemoha li-neoplasms tsa boleng leha e le bofe. E le ho eketsa bohlokoa ba tlhahiso-pele ea mokhoa ona, lithethefatsi tse fapaneng le lihlahisoa tsa iodine li kenngoa ka pele ho veinar vein.
E 'ngoe ea liphihlelo tsa morao-rao le tse tsotehang tsa meriana ke litšoantšo tse ngata tsa k'homphieutha tsa hlooho, molala, maoto le likarolo tse ling tsa' mele. Ka lebaka la sesebelisoa se tsoelang pele, mokhoa ona o lumella hore ho be le mekhoa e meraro ea tsamaiso ea motho ea nang le monyetla oa ho ba le 'mapa oa eona o qaqileng ka li-angles.
Tseliso ea CT
Phetolelo e hlahisoang ea thuto e nkoa e le mokhoa o phethahetseng le o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa oa ho hlahloba mathata a kotsi a ho potoloha. Moriana oa lipompiri oa Perfusion o fapana le mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka botebo ba botebo ba ho khaola, e leng se fanang ka litho tse ling tsa 3D-mohlala tsa litholoana ka lebaka leo. Tsamaiso e joalo e etsoang ka ho tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa sehlahisoa se fapaneng tlas'a taolo ea mochine o itekanetseng.
Nakong ea bongaka, ke ho sebelisoa ho feteletseng ha CT le sebete. Ha e thuse feela ho etsa setšoantšo se nepahetseng haholo sa boraro ba mehaho ena, empa hape e le ho hlahloba matla le matla a phetoho ea mali ka lihlahisoa tsa tsona, lijana tse khōlō le tse nyenyane. Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao mekhoa ena e ka hlokomeloa ka nako ea sebele.
Tlhaloso le litlhaloso
Theknoloji ena e sebelisoa haholo meriana bakeng sa merero e 'maloa. Computed tomography e ka abeloa e le:
- ho hlahloba;
- litlhahlobo tsa tšohanyetso;
- tlhahlobo ea morero;
- tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea phekolo;
- laola ts'ebetsong ea mekhoa ea phekolo ea meriana le ea ho hlahloba.
Tlhaloso ea CT -
- ho tepella ;
- hlooho ea hlooho;
- sefuba se omileng ka nako e telele;
- feberu;
- boloetse bo soabisang;
- ho fetola boemo ba kelello;
- ho tsieleha ha hlooho;
- ho tsoa mali;
- bofokoli bo boholo ba methapo ea pelo;
- ho holofala;
- mathata a ho ba le ts'oaetso ;
- khatello ea mali e phahameng;
- hypoventilation ea matšoafo;
- meningism;
- bohloko ho karolo leha e le efe ea 'mele o sa tsejoeng;
- phetoho e tsitsitseng ka tsela e tsitsitseng le boleng ba setulo;
- ho kula ha lijo;
- ho fokola ha mokokotlo le manonyeletso;
- myalgia ;
- pathology ea tsamaiso ea ho hema;
- ho tsoa mali ;
- Matšoao a meno le mahareng a molomo;
- ho belaela ka ho ba teng ha li-neoplasms tsa boleng leha e le bofe;
- peresis e matla le maemo a mang.
Litlhaloso tsa ho qhekella ntle le ho sebelisa moemeli oa phapang:
- ho ima;
- Boima ba 'mele bo feta ho feta ho lumelloa bakeng sa sesebelisoa se teng.
CT e nang le lithethefatsi tse nang le iodine e na le lipolelo tse tšoanang, 'me e ke ke ea etsoa maemong a joalo:
- myeloma;
- tlhahiso ea boitsebiso ho moemeli oa phapang;
- lefu la tsoekere ka makhetlo a maholo;
- ho hloleha ha liphio ;
- boemo bo tloaelehileng bo sa khotsofatsang ba motho;
- pathology ea thyroid gland.
Computed tomography show ke eng?
Ka thuso ea mokhoa o hlalositsoeng oa ho hlahloba, ho ka khoneha ho hlahloba mehaho eohle ea lihloliloeng. Seo CT se bontšang se itšetlehile ka morero oa morero oa sona, sebaka se tlas'a lipatlisiso le mofuta oa ts'ebetso. Tomography e sebelisoa ho hlahloba litho tsa ka hare, lisele tse bonolo, masapo le manonyeletso. Angiography le perfusion li sebelisoa bakeng sa mafu a methapo e meholo le e nyenyane ea mali.
Tomomy e entsoeng ka lik'hamphani
Sebakeng sena, tlhahlobo e thusa ho khetholla mafu a litho tse ling tsa pampiri ea lijo. Tommary e entsoeng ka computed ea liphio, spleen, mala, sebete, marang-rang a laeloa haeba ho belaelloa ka mathata a latelang:
- sefuba;
- cysts;
- likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsanoang;
- aneurysms;
- lihlapa;
- lymph nodes e eketsehileng kapa e chesang;
- ho ba teng ha lintho tsa kantle;
- diverticula;
- ho tsoa mali;
- ho kenya letsoho;
- congenital anomalies.
Litšoantšo tsa k'homphieutha tsa mala li akarelletsa tšebeliso ea liphatlalatso tse fapaneng. Pele ho sebetsoa, mokuli o tla lokela ho noa tharollo e khethehileng ea iodine. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mokhoa oa ho fapana, mohlala oa boraro oa mala o tla bontša ka ho hlaka marako a setho, empa hape le marang-rang a methapo ea mali, metsoako ea 'mele le boemo ba mongobo.
Computed tomography ea sefubeng
Sebaka sena sa lipatlisiso se fana ka lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa tsamaiso ea phefumoloho, pelo, setopo, aorta, litšoelesa tsa mammary le li-tissue tse bonolo. Lenaneo la k'homphieutha la matšoafo le bronchi le khothalletsoa hore ho fumanoe maloetse a joalo:
- baktheria kapa tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko;
- hlahala ea tlhaho;
- aneurysm;
- embolism;
- lefuba;
- pneumonia ;
- mathata a nts'etsopele;
- liphetoho tse senyang morao;
- metastases;
- atelectasis;
- pleurisy;
- sarcoidosis;
- likokoana-hloko cysts;
- sekheo.
Meriana e meng e thusang ho hlahloba tomography ea thorax:
- lefu la pelo le methapo e mengata ea mali;
- neoplasm liphatleng tsa mammary;
- bo-mediastinitis;
- heratal hiatal;
- ho shoeloa ke lefu la sefuba;
- reflux ea gastroesophageal;
- ho se tsotellehe ho nts'etsopele ha mediastinum;
- lymphogranulomatosis le tse ling.
Tomography ea compress ea boko
Ho hlahloba setho se bohareng sa tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha ho sebelisoa ho sa tsotellehe liphetoho leha e le life tse sebetsang. Pele ho ts'ebetso ena, ngaka e lokela ho hlalosa hore na CT e hlahloba eng ka boko - e le letoto la litšoantšo tsa X-ray tse tsoang maemong a sa tšoaneng, e leng se u lumellang hore u fumane litšoantšo tse phahameng (litapole) bakeng sa ho haha mohlala o hlakileng oa 3D.
Ho senya ho thusa ho hlahloba maloetse le likotsi tsa 'mele, ho lekanya matla a ho potoloha ka bongata, ho shebella mokhoa oa phekolo. Litšoantšo tsa k'homphieutha tsa boko li bontša liketso tse latelang:
- lipolao;
- lihlahala tse kotsi le tse bohloko;
- hematomas;
- likotsi;
- sefuba;
- boloetse bo matla ba tšollo ea mali;
- encephalitis;
- ho tšoaroa ke meningitis;
- mele e tsoang linaheng tse ling tse nang le lisele tse bonolo;
- cysts;
- ho senyeha ha maemo a tsoalo-pele kapa ho fumanoa;
- edema;
- fractures botlaaseng ba lehata;
- keketseho mokokong oa boko;
- hydrocephalus;
- tšusumetso e kotsi;
- mathata a litlhaselo tsa sischemic kapa liropo;
- mathata a li-hemispheres le ba bang.
Lenaneo la k'homphieutha la meno
Thuto ena e hlokeha bakeng sa maloetse a matla a meno kapa bakeng sa tlhokahalo ea ho buuoa tlas'a taolo ea X-ray. Litšoantšo tsa k'homphieutha tsa mohlahare li thusa ho lemoha:
- li-neoplasms;
- cysts;
- ho ruruha ha metso e potolohileng metso;
- liphetoho mohahong oa nako le nakoontium;
- ho ba teng ha meno a bohlale a sa fumaneheng;
- bokooa ba tsoalo;
- likotsi tsa mohlahare;
- ho fetoha ka likokoana-hloko tsa mucous;
- pathology ea makhasi;
- mafu a metso ka methapo;
- mathata a potolohileng a marang-rang a lijana tse nyane;
- ho senyeha ha libe tse ka pele le tse senyang.
Computed tomography ea mokokotlo
Tlhahiso e hlahisoang e fuoa mosebetsi oa ho hlakisa ho hlahlojoa ka bohloko bo boholo ka morao le ho fokotsa ho tsamaea ha eona. Se bontšang CT ea mokokotlo:
- fractures;
- ho fokola ha masapo;
- ho fetoha;
- osteochondrosis;
- hernia;
- fetola ka lumen ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo;
- ho timetsoa ha vertebrae;
- litlhaku;
- khatello ea metso ea methapo ea mokokotlo;
- ramatiki ea li-intervertebral joints;
- lihlapa;
- metastases tse tsoang libakeng tsa boahelani;
- ho bolaea mali;
- spondylosis;
- mapetsong a vertebrae;
- scoliosis;
- mafu a rheumatic;
- stenosis;
- ho ruruha;
- ho se tsitse ha li-vertebrae;
- myelopathy;
- ho penya methapo ea mali.
Litšoantšo tsa k'homphieutha tsa libe tsa nko
Tsamaiso e ntseng e hlahlojoa e fana ka tlhahlobo e feletseng ea likarolo tsohle tsa karolo e ka holimo ea phefumoloho:
- metsoako ea maxillary;
- libe tse ka pele;
- labyrinth ea latted;
- mekotla e meholo.
Lipampiri tsa k'homphieutha tsa nko li bontša:
- etmoiditis;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- frontitis;
- sphenoiditis;
- lithōle tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa boleng leha e le bofe;
- mekhoa ea ho ruruha;
- li-polyps;
- adenoids;
- ho holofala, fractures le likotsi tse ling tsa masapo;
- lintho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling;
- congenital e senyeha ka sebopeho.